PHP Tutorial: A Simple PHP Program, Initializing and Manipulating Arrays(Page 7)

Internet & World Wide Web How to Program, 3/e
	ISBN: 0-13-145091-3 © 2004 pages: 1420 Order

This tutorial presents four PHP programs that introduce PHP programming concepts, including comments, variables, operators, keywords, type conversions, scripting delimiters, interpolation, string concatenation, control statements and arrays. The techniques you learn hear are used in our subsequent tutorials:

String Processing and
Regular Expressions
Form Processing and Business Logic

Download the code examples for this tutorial

[Note: This tutorial is an excerpt (Section 26.2) of Chapter 26, PHP, from our textbook Internet & World Wide Web How to Program, 3/e. This tutorial may refer to other chapters or sections of the book that are not included here. Permission Information: Deitel, Harvey M. and Paul J., INTERNET & WORLD WIDE WEB HOW TO PROGRAM, 3/E, ©2004, pp.900-909. Electronically reproduced by permission of Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.]

26.2 Introduction to PHP Programming (Continued)

[Figure 26.6] In addition to integer indices, arrays can have nonnumeric indices (lines 39-41). For example, indices ArtTic, LunaTic and GalAnt are assigned the values 21, 18 and 23, respectively. PHP provides functions for iterating through the elements of an array (lines 45-46). Each array has a built-in internal pointer, which points to the array element currently being referenced. Function reset sets the internal pointer to the first element of the array. Function key returns the index of the element currently referenced by the internal pointer, and function next moves the internal pointer to the next element. The for loop continues to execute as long as function key returns an index. Function next returns false when there are no additional elements in the array. When this occurs, function key cannot return an index, and the for loop terminates. Line 47 prints the index and value of each element.

Fig. 26.6 Array manipulation. (Part 1 of 3.)

1 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"

2 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

4

5

7 <html xmlns = "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

8 <head>

9 <title>Array manipulation</title>

10 </head>

12 <body>

13 <?php

15 // create array first

16 print( "Creating the first array

17 " );

18 $first[ 0 ] = "zero";

19 $first[ 1 ] = "one";

20 $first[ 2 ] = "two";

21 $first[] = "three";

23 // print each element's index and value

24 for ( $i = 0; $i < count( $first ); $i++ )

25 print( "Element $i is $first[$i] " );

27 print( " Creating the second array

28 " );

30 // call function array to create array second

31 $second = array( "zero", "one", "two", "three" );

32 for ( $i = 0; $i < count( $second ); $i++ )

33 print( "Element $i is $second[$i] " );

35 print( " Creating the third array

36 " );

38 // assign values to non-numerical indices

39 $third[ "ArtTic" ] = 21;

40 $third[ "LunaTic" ] = 18;

41 $third[ "GalAnt" ] = 23;

43 // iterate through the array elements and print each

44 // element's name and value

45 for ( reset( $third ); $element = key( $third );

46 next( $third ) )

47 print( "$element is $third[$element] " );

49 print( " Creating the fourth array

50 " );

52 // call function array to create array fourth using

53 // string indices

54 $fourth = array(

55 "January" => "first", "February" => "second",

56 "March" => "third", "April" => "fourth",

57 "May" => "fifth", "June" => "sixth",

58 "July" => "seventh", "August" => "eighth",

59 "September" => "ninth", "October" => "tenth",

60 "November" => "eleventh","December" => "twelfth"

61 );

63 // print each element's name and value

64 foreach ( $fourth as $element => $value )

65 print( "$element is the $value month " );

66 ?>

67 </body>

68 </html>

Function array can also be used to initialize arrays with string indices. In order to override the automatic numeric indexing performed by function array, use operator =>, as demonstrated in lines 54-61. The value to the left of the operator is the array index, and the value to the right is the element's value. An array with string indices also is called an associative array.

The foreach loop (lines 64-65) is a control statement that is specially designed for iterating through arrays. The syntax for a foreach loop starts with the array to iterate through, followed by the keyword as, followed by the variables to receive the index and the value for each element. We use the foreach loop to print each element and value of array $fourth.

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Other PHP Tutorials
PHP Tutorial 1: Introduction to PHP
PHP Tutorial 2: Creating Simple PHP Programs (You are here)
PHP Tutorial 3: String Processing and Regular Expressions
PHP Tutorial 4: Form Processing and Business Logic